class ListView

def __init__(self, **kwargs):
    """
    Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra
    keyword arguments, and other things.
    """
    # Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our
    # instance, or raise an error.
    for key, value in kwargs.iteritems():
        setattr(self, key, value)

@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
    """
    Main entry point for a request-response process.
    """
    # sanitize keyword arguments
    for key in initkwargs:
        if key in cls.http_method_names:
            raise TypeError(u"You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
                            u"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
                            % (key, cls.__name__))
        if not hasattr(cls, key):
            raise TypeError(u"%s() received an invalid keyword %r" % (
                cls.__name__, key))
    def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
        self = cls(**initkwargs)
        return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
    # take name and docstring from class
    update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
    # and possible attributes set by decorators
    # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
    update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
    return view

def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
    # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
    # request method isn't on the approved list.
    if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
        handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
    else:
        handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
    self.request = request
    self.args = args
    self.kwargs = kwargs
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    self.object_list = self.get_queryset()
    allow_empty = self.get_allow_empty()
    if not allow_empty and len(self.object_list) == 0:
        raise Http404(_(u"Empty list and '%(class_name)s.allow_empty' is False.")
                      % {'class_name': self.__class__.__name__})
    context = self.get_context_data(object_list=self.object_list)
    return self.render_to_response(context)

def get_allow_empty(self):
    """
    Returns ``True`` if the view should display empty lists, and ``False``
    if a 404 should be raised instead.
    """
    return self.allow_empty

def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
    """
    Get the context for this view.
    """
    queryset = kwargs.pop('object_list')
    page_size = self.get_paginate_by(queryset)
    context_object_name = self.get_context_object_name(queryset)
    if page_size:
        paginator, page, queryset, is_paginated = self.paginate_queryset(queryset, page_size)
        context = {
            'paginator': paginator,
            'page_obj': page,
            'is_paginated': is_paginated,
            'object_list': queryset
        }
    else:
        context = {
            'paginator': None,
            'page_obj': None,
            'is_paginated': False,
            'object_list': queryset
        }
    context.update(kwargs)
    if context_object_name is not None:
        context[context_object_name] = queryset
    return context

def get_context_object_name(self, object_list):
    """
    Get the name of the item to be used in the context.
    """
    if self.context_object_name:
        return self.context_object_name
    elif hasattr(object_list, 'model'):
        return smart_str('%s_list' % object_list.model._meta.object_name.lower())
    else:
        return None

def get_paginate_by(self, queryset):
    """
    Get the number of items to paginate by, or ``None`` for no pagination.
    """
    return self.paginate_by

def get_paginator(self, queryset, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True):
    """
    Return an instance of the paginator for this view.
    """
    return self.paginator_class(queryset, per_page, orphans=orphans, allow_empty_first_page=allow_empty_first_page)

def get_queryset(self):
    """
    Get the list of items for this view. This must be an interable, and may
    be a queryset (in which qs-specific behavior will be enabled).
    """
    if self.queryset is not None:
        queryset = self.queryset
        if hasattr(queryset, '_clone'):
            queryset = queryset._clone()
    elif self.model is not None:
        queryset = self.model._default_manager.all()
    else:
        raise ImproperlyConfigured(u"'%s' must define 'queryset' or 'model'"
                                   % self.__class__.__name__)
    return queryset

def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    allowed_methods = [m for m in self.http_method_names if hasattr(self, m)]
    logger.warning('Method Not Allowed (%s): %s' % (request.method, request.path),
        extra={
            'status_code': 405,
            'request': self.request
        }
    )
    return http.HttpResponseNotAllowed(allowed_methods)

def paginate_queryset(self, queryset, page_size):
    """
    Paginate the queryset, if needed.
    """
    paginator = self.get_paginator(queryset, page_size, allow_empty_first_page=self.get_allow_empty())
    page = self.kwargs.get('page') or self.request.GET.get('page') or 1
    try:
        page_number = int(page)
    except ValueError:
        if page == 'last':
            page_number = paginator.num_pages
        else:
            raise Http404(_(u"Page is not 'last', nor can it be converted to an int."))
    try:
        page = paginator.page(page_number)
        return (paginator, page, page.object_list, page.has_other_pages())
    except InvalidPage:
        raise Http404(_(u'Invalid page (%(page_number)s)') % {
                            'page_number': page_number
        })

def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):
    """
    Returns a response with a template rendered with the given context.
    """
    return self.response_class(
        request = self.request,
        template = self.get_template_names(),
        context = context,
        **response_kwargs
    )